#2 gang flat plaster ring trial#

#2 gang flat plaster ring trial#

The contempt citation included a criminal charge, which led to a highly publicized trial and an eventual conviction with a maximum of one year in jail in addition to a $1,000 fine. These personalities were subpoenaed to appear before HUAC in October. The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25, 1947, the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). Nevertheless, it quickly and directly damaged or ended the careers and income of scores of individuals working in the film industry. Even during the period of its strictest enforcement, from the late 1940s through to the late 1950s, the blacklist was rarely made explicit or easily verifiable, as it was the result of numerous individual decisions by the studios and was not the result of official legal action. This was usually done on the basis of their membership in, alleged membership in, or sympathy with the Communist Party USA, or on the basis of their refusal to assist Congressional investigations into the party's activities. Not just actors, but screenwriters, directors, musicians, and other American entertainment professionals were barred from work by the studios. The blacklist involved the practice of denying employment to entertainment industry professionals believed to be or to have been Communists or sympathizers.

The so-called Hollywood blacklist was an entertainment industry blacklist, broader than just Hollywood, put in effect in the mid-20th century in the United States during the early years of the Cold War.

Members of the Hollywood Ten and their families in 1950, protesting the impending incarceration of the ten